Traditional to Simplified Chinese Conversion Table

The following table consists of 2674 traditional Chinese characters and their simplified equivalents.

In most cases, one traditional character maps to one and only one simplified character, but there are at least 19 exceptions: .In such cases, it depends on context which simplified character the traditional character should be converting to.

These characters are first categorized by Pinyin, and then divided into 3 groups based on how often the characters are used.

  • Green: Most frequently used.
  • Blue: Less frequently used.
  • Gray: Rarely used.

Conversion Rule References

The People’s Republic of China government published a series of documents, in an attempt to standardize the simplification rules since 1955.

The most important documents are Simplified Character Master Tablepublished in 1964 and modified in 1986, andTable of The First Set of Variant Characterspublished in 1955.

In our conversion table, the number above the arrow between each pair of characters denotes a reference to the conversion rule, as follows:

Important:A lot of simplified characters map to more than one traditional character. In such cases, it depends on context which traditional character the simplified character should be converting to.

If you cannot find a specific Chinese character in this table, look up:

Traditional to Simplified Chinese Conversion Table

Jump to Pinyin:

a

3

ai

3
2
1
8
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3

an

4
3
4
3
3

ang

1

ao

7
1
8
3
4
7

ba

2
1
3
5

bai

3
3
3

ban

1
3
1
3
5

bang

3
1
3
3

bao

3
1
1
3
4
3

bei

2
3
2
3
4
3
4
3
5

ben

3

beng

3
3

bi

2
2
3
4
1
1
3
5
3
3
5
3
5
3
3

bian

3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
5

biao

1
1
3
3
5
3
3

bie

7
1
4
3
3

bin

3
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

bing

4
4
3
4

bo

1
3
7
3
3
3
5
5
3
3
3
8
3
5

bu

4
1
5

cai

4
4
3

can

3
3
3
1
1
2
7
3

cang

3
2
3
3
3

ce

3
3
3
4
5
3

ceng

1

cha

7
3
3
3
3
7

chai

3
3
3

chan

1
3
2
3
4
1
3
1
5
1
5
3
3
3
3
3
1
3

chang

3
2
1
3
3
2
4
1
3
5
3
3
3

chao

3

che

1
2
3
3

chen

1
1
3
9
8
3
3
3
3
3
3

cheng

1
1
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

chi

8
1
3
3
4
2
4
4
3
3

chong

2
1
7
3
3

chou

3
1
3
3
5
3
3
3

chu

3
1
1
4
3
4
1
3
1
2
4
3

chuan

3
3

chuang

4
3
3
3
3
3

chui

3
4
4

chun

4
3
3
3

chuo

3
3
3

ci

3
1
3
3

cong

1
2
1
4
7
3
3
3

cou

4
3

cu

4

cuan

2
3
3
3

cun

8
4

cuo

3
3

da

2
3
5
5

dai

3
2

dan

1
3
1
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

dang

4
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
5
3
5
8
5
3
4

dao

3
3
1
3
7
3
3
4

de

3

deng

1
1
3

di

3
3
1
1
4
3
1
3
5
3
3

dian

1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3

diao

3
4
3
4
4
3
3

die

4
3
3

ding

3
3
3
3

diu

7
3

dong

3
3
2
2
1
3
3

dou

1
3
4
3

du

3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
3

duan

3
2
3

dui

2
2
7
3
3

dun

3
1
3
3
8

duo

1
1
3
5
5
3

e

3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3

er

2
3
1
3
3
3
3

fa

3
2
2
3
4

fan

4
3
3
3
1
1
4
3

fang

3
3
4
3
3
3

fei

3
1
3
3
3
3
3

fen

3
1
3
1
1
9
8
5
3

feng

2
1
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

ga

3

gai

3
1
3
3

gan

4
4
1
1
9
1
4
5
3
3
3

gang

4
3
2
3
3
3
3

gao

3
3
3

ge

3
3
1
3
1
3
3
4

gei

3

gen

4

geng

3
3
3

gong

1
3
7
3

gou

4
5
1
1
1
3
3
3
4
3

gu

1
1
4
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3

gua

4
3
1
3
3
3
3

guai

7
4

guan

3
3
1
3
1
5
3
3
3

guang

2
3

gui

1
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

gun

7
3
7
3
3

guo

3
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
3
3

ha

3

hai

3
3

han

1
3
4
4
3
3
4

hang

3

hao

4
1
3
3
3

he

3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
4

heng

4
7
3
3
3

hong

3
1
4
3
3
3
5
3

hou

1
4
3

hu

1
1
1
1
7
3
7
4
3
3
3

hua

3
2
3
1
2
8
4
3
3
3
3

huai

1
1

huan

7
1
7
1
3
7
1
7
7
7
3
3

huang

7
3
5
3

hui

7
3
3
3
2
2
3
1
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
5
3
5
3
4
5
4

hun

3
3
3
3
3
3

huo

1
3
1
3
1
9
3
5
5
3

ji

1
3
3
3
1
1
4
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
2
3
3
5
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7

jia

1
2
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

jian

4
1
1
2
3
1
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
3
2
3
3
1
3
4
8
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
7
3
3
3
3

jiang

1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
5
4
3

jiao

3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3

jie

3
2
1
1
4
3
4
9
1
3
3
3
1
3

jin

3
3
2
2
3
2
1
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3

jing

1
7
3
3
1
4
3
3
3
7
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3

jiu

1
3
3
7
3
3

ju

3
1
1
1
2
3
8
9
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
4

juan

3
3
1
5
3

jue

3
4
3
3
7
3
3

jun

3
3
3
5
4
3
4

kai

1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

kan

3
3

kang

4
3
5

kao

3

ke

3
3
2
1
3
3
3

ken

1
1
3

keng

5
3

kou

4
3

ku

3
3
3
3
3

kua

1

kuai

1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

kuan

3
3

kuang

4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

kui

3
1
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
5

kun

4
4
1
5
3
3
5

kuo

3
3

la

1
1
3

lai

3
2
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

lan

1
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3

lang

4
3
3

lao

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

le

2
3
3

lei

1
4
1
3
3
3

leng

4

li

3
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
3
2
3
2
4
4
4
4
3
8
4
3
3
3
3
5
3
4
3
3
5
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

lia

3

lian

1
1
3
1
1
3
3
3
3
1
3
3
4
3
3
4
5
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

liang

3
4
1
4
3
2
8
3
5

liao

1
1
3
9
1
3
3
3
3

lie

1

lin

3
1
1
3
4
3
7
4
3
7
7
3
7

ling

3
3
2
1
3
3
3
3
5

liu

3
3
2
5
3
3
5
3
3
3

long

3
3
3
2
3
3
6
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
3
3

lou

3
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
8
3
3

lu

3
1
2
3
3
1
2
3
1
1
2
2
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3

luan

3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

lun

3
3
3
3
2
3
4
3
3

luo

2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
4

lv

3
3
1
2
7
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
3
3

lve

5

ma

3
3
2
3
3
3
3
8
3
5
3
7

mai

3
2
2
2
4
5
3

man

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

mao

3
4
3
4

mei

7
1
3
3
3

men

3
2
3
3
3
3
3

meng

1
1
1
3
5

mi

3
3
4
3
3
5
4
3
4
7
3

mian

3
4
3
1
3

miao

1
3
3

mie

1
1

min

3
3
3
2
3
3

ming

3
3

miu

3

mo

8
1
5
3
3
3
7

mou

3
3

mu

1
3

na

3
3
3

nai

4
4

nan

2

nang

3

nao

1
3
1
3
3
3

ne

7
3

nei

3
7

ni

3
1
4
5
3
3

nian

4
4
3
3
3

niang

1
4

niao

2
4
3
3

nie

2
8
3
3
3
7
3
8
3
3

ning

3
2
3
3
3
3
8
3

niu

3
3

nong

2
3
3
3
5
3

nu

3

nuan

4

nuo

3
3

nv

3

nve

1
3

ou

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

pan

1
3
5

pang

3
9
8
8

pao

7
4
4
3

pei

3
8
3

pen

3

peng

4
3

pi

4
1
3
3
3
3
4
3

pian

3
3
3

piao

3
3
3

pin

3
3
1
3
3

ping

1
3
3

po

3
3
3
3
5

pou

3

pu

1
1
3
3
1
4
3
3

qi

3
1
2
2
4
2
4
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
5
3
4
3

qian

2
3
3
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
1
8
3
1
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

qiang

8
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
4
3
3
5
3
3
3

qiao

3
3
3
3
2
1
3
3
3
3
3
3

qie

1
3
3
3

qin

3
2
1
3
4
3
3

qing

3
3
3
3
1
3
8
3

qiong

2
1
3

qiu

1
3
4
3
4
5

qu

3
3
3
3
2
4
3
3
3
3
3

quan

1
1
3
3
5
5
8
3
3

que

1
9
4
3
5
3
3

qun

4

rang

1

rao

1
3
3
3
4
3
3

re

1

ren

1
3
3
3
3
3

rong

3
3
4
3
3
5

ru

3
3
3

ruan

3

rui

5
3
4

run

3
3

ruo

4

sa

3
1
3

sai

3
3

san

1
3
3
3
4

sang

1
3

sao

3
1
3
5

se

1
2
3
3

sha

3
2
3
4
3

shai

3
1

shan

4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
8

shang

1
3
3
3

shao

3
3

she

3
3
1
3
3
3
3

shen

3
2
3
3
8
9
3
1
3
3
5

sheng

1
2
1
3
4
4
4

shi

1
3
3
1
3
3
2
3
3
3
1
1
4
3
2
3
4
4
4
3
5
3
5
3
3
3
7
3
5
3

shou

2
1
3

shu

1
3
3
2
3
1
1
3
3
7
3
3

shuai

1

shuan

3

shuang

2

shui

3
7

shun

3

shuo

5
3
3
3
3

si

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4

song

3
3
1
3
3
3
8

sou

4
3
3
3
3

su

4
3
1
2
1
3
3

suan

8

sui

1
1
2
3
3

sun

3
2
4
3
3

suo

3
3
3
3
4

ta

3
3
5
3
5
3

tai

1
1
1
3
3
3
1

tan

3
4
3
3
3
3
1
3
4
1
3
5
5
5

tang

3
3
8
3
3
3
5

tao

3
3
5
4
3
8

te

3

teng

3
4
1

ti

1
8
3
3
3
3
3

tian

3
3
8

tiao

2
3
3
1

tie

3
1
3

ting

1
1
3
3

tong

3
3
3
4

tou

1

tu

7
1
1
3
7

tuan

1
3
1

tui

3
7

tun

3
5

tuo

4
3
3
4
1
7
3
3
3

wa

1
1
3
7

wai

5

wan

3
3
2
3
4
5
3
3
3

wang

1
3

wei

3
5
3
4
3
3
3
2
3
3
1
3
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
3
5

wen

1
3
3
3
7
3
5
7
3

weng

4
5

wo

3
7
3
3
3

wu

3
2
2
3
3
1
3
1
3
7
3
4
8
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5

xi

1
3
1
1
3
1
1
4
3
4
3
5
3
3
5
3
3

xia

1
1
3
3
3
3
5
7
3

xian

3
3
3
1
2
3
4
1
3
7
1
3
1
4
3
1
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
4
3
4
3
3

xiang

1
3
4
3
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
3

xiao

3
3
3
3
3
3
4
3
4
3
3
3
3
3

xie

1
3
3
2
3
3
1
4
4
5
3
3
3
4
1

xin

3
1

xing

1
4
3
3
3
3
5

xiong

4
4

xiu

4
3
4
3
3
3

xu

7
3
1
3
3
3
4
4
4
7
4
3
5
3

xuan

1
1
3
3
3
5
3
3

xue

3
3

xun

3
3
3
3
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
4
3

ya

3
3
3
2
3
1
3
3
3
3

yan

4
2
2
4
4
3
4
3
1
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
7
3
3
4
3
3
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
7

yang

1
1
3
3
1
1
3
4
5
3
3
3

yao

7
7
1
1
3
4
4
9
8
7
5
3
5
2
3
3
3

ye

2
1
1
2
3
8
5
3
3
3
3

yi

2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
8
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
3
3
7
3
3
8
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

yin

3
3
2
2
3
3
4
5
8
3

ying

1
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
8
7
3

yong

4
1
4
1
1
3
3
1
5
3

you

1
4
3
2
1
3
1
8
3
3
3
5

yu

3
1
3
3
1
1
3
7
4
3
3
1
4
2
3
2
5
1
8
9
8
4
5
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
3
3
3
4
7

yuan

1
3
1
1
3
3
1
3
3
3
3
3

yue

4
5
1
7
3
3
7
3
3

yun

1
7
3
4
3
2
1
5
1
3
3
3
3
7
5
3
7
3
5
3
3
5
7

za

1
4
4

zai

4
3

zan

3
3
4
3
3
3
3

zang

1
1
1
3
3

zao

1
1
4
3
4

ze

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

zei

3

zen

3

zeng

3
3

zha

3
3
4
4
3
4
3

zhai

3
1

zhan

3
4
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
4
3
3
5
3

zhang

3
3
3
3
3

zhao

1
3
3
4

zhe

1
9
1
3
3
3
3
3

zhen

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

zheng

7
7
7
2
7
1
9
1
7
5
1
3
3
7
3
3
3

zhi

3
3
1
2
3
3
1
3
3
4
4
1
3
2
3
4
3
3
3
3
3
5
3
5
5
3

zhong

1
1
3
1
1
1
4

zhou

3
3
4
1
3
3
5
7
3

zhu

4
3
3
1
3
1
3
3
3
4
9
8
1
3
7
5
7
5
4
3
3

zhua

3

zhuan

3
2
3
3
3
3
3

zhuang

1
1
1
1
1
4
1

zhui

3
3
3
3
3
3

zhun

1
3

zhuo

1
3
3
7

zi

3
8
3
3
7
3
3
7
3
4
3
3
4
4

zong

1
3
4
3
5
4

zou

3
3
3
3
3
3

zu

3
3
3

zuan

1
3
3

zui

7

zun

3

Background Information

There are two character sets in use in modern Chinese. Traditional Chinese is currently used in Taiwan and Hong Kong, while simplified Chinese is used in Mainland China and Singapore.

Simplified characters are derived from traditional characters. While there are offical rules for the simplification process, there is no official conversion list for all Chinese characters.

As a result, a lot of the conversion tools available on the internet is erroneous, especially for characters which are not frequently used.